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Protozoan devil: Babesiosis


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Babesia resemble Plasmodium falciparum organisms. Though developmentally the Babesia organisms resemble Plasmodium falciparum; these parasites present several distinguishing features: they vary more in shape and in size; and they do not produce pigment.
When most of the world is struggling to shed the phobia of mad cow disease and bird flu, an ancient protozoan serpent Babesiosis still awaits in ambush patiently at our cattle farms, out door game hunting or on a polo field to poison us with venom that will take our breath away.

Babesiosis is no baby as a layman will guess it to be, in fact its like malaria of tropical geographies which is spread by female anopheles mosquitoes, it is spread by Ixodid ticks in the west especially in the region of Europe and America. Like all parasitic transmitted diseases Babesiosis has also a vector, carrier and a host. The vector in this case is Ixodid ticks, the carrier is our cattle and wild animals and host is humans and animals.
Babesiosis is a protozoan disease which the black Ixodid ticks sucks from the cattle and accumulates in their gut and further concentrate in their salivary glands and in turn transmits the infection to humans. Most of the patients can not even recall that when they were bit by the tick. The general targets are people living at countryside or game hunters in the forest. However the disease can further be transmitted through blood transfusion by an infected person to another person, in desperate need of blood or in many cases the disease is also transmitted by a mother to her child in her womb.

The incubation or dormant period for the disease is generally one to four weeks after which the disease starts showing its symptoms of weakness, fatigue, depression, fever, weight loss, headaches, allergic to light, stiffness of muscles, continued cough, shortness of breath, vomiting, report of abdominal pain and accompanied by dark urine.

Like Malaria Babesiosis also targets the red blood cells of our body and destroy them gradually leading to the mentioned ailments and then after they multiply by basic cell division, in order to comprehend it briefly in a layman perspective, red blood cells are transport for the oxygen to various parts in the body and constant degeneration leads to low red blood cells counts, hence low oxygen supply in the body leaving us breathless, lethargic, fatigued and with fragile immune system.





Unlike other disease Babesiosis shows a unique characteristics in its mortality rate or living ratio of infected patients and differs according to geographic boundaries of the continents for example in America only ten percent of the infected patients die the rest recover with the aid of medical care or in many cases even in the absence of it while the story in Europe is entirely different and approximately fifty percent of the patients infected die due to this disease.

Age and sex is no bar for this disease and can occur equally in male and females of all age groups. But age groups above fifty are more susceptible to this disease as their immune system has lived half of its life and portrays a feeble defense against the onslaught of Babesiosis.

Babesiosis and Lyme diseases are both tick borne diseases and sometimes people mistake them to be of similar nature where as in reality Babesiosis present a more severe infection level in humans as compared to lyme infections and thus different levels of treatments are required for both the diseases. On the other hand patients of both diseases complain history of travel to areas like Nantucket Island in America, where ironically the disease was first discovered in the region in 1966, especially during the month of May and September.

Patients suffering from this disease are fortunate to have a cure for this disease and the regular procedure of malaria is required to be drilled once the infection is discovered. Proper medical advice and medicines like Clindamycin (lincosamide antibiotic) are safest bet for the cure.



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Babesiosis is constantly spanning its wings in other countries like Japan Mexico and China apart from Europe and America and needs an immediate attention and education for the people domiciled in other countries of the world so that they are well prepared with the necessary tools to fight this slow and steady catastrophe as and when it reaches their doors.